Course title
Pathology and oral pathology I.

Objectives
Pathology is the foundation of clinical medicine. Our course in the first semester covers the principles and terminology of general pathology and the aspects of systemic pathology that are essential for dental students. During the course the students will learn about the causes, mechanisms, and morphological manifestations of human disease, and general concepts like cell injury and death, hemodynamic disturbances, acute and chronic inflammation, wound healing, immunological disorders, degenerative processes, neoplasms and carcinogenesis. It will serve as a basis for understanding other subjects in the dental curriculum, including general internal medicine, general surgery, oral and maxillofacial pathology, oral medicine and oral surgery.
The systemic pathology section includes the gross, microscopic and clinical features of the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, endocrine, urogenital, integumentary, musculoskeletal, hematolymphoid and nervous system diseases. These topics are important for dentists in (1) the treatment of dental patients suffering from systemic disease or receiving systemic medications; (2) recognizing the signs and symptoms of systemic disease in dental patients; (3) detecting and dealing with medical emergencies in the everyday dental practice.

1. week: Pathology of cellular injury and death. Cellular adaptations of growth and differentiation. Apoptosis. Autophagy. Postmortem changes. Degenerative disorders. Calcification. Oedema, hyperaemia, congestion. Haemorrhage. Thrombosis. Embolism. DIC. Shock
2. week: Acute inflammation. Chronic inflammation. Specific inflammation. Tissue repair. Wound healing.
3. week: Immunopathology. AIDS. Genetically determined systemic disorders (enzymopathies).
4. week: Neoplasia. Carcinogenesis. Clinical aspects of cancer.
5. week: Civilisation’s disorders and diseases: obesity, chronic alcoholism, smoking, pathology of bed rest. Pathology of aging. Protein-energy malnutritions.
6. week: Pathology of the Heart. Hypertension. Vascular pathology
7. week: Pathology of the kidney and male genital organes. Pathology of endocrine organs.
8. week. Pathology of the breast and female genital organs.
9. week: Pathology of the upper respiratory tract and lungs. Pathology of the pleura and mediastinum.
10. week: Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract I. (esophagus, stomach, bowels)
11. week: Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract II. (pancreas, liver, gallbladder, peritoneum)
12. week: Pathology of the bones and joints. Pathology of the soft tissues.
13. week: Pathology of the central and peripherial nervous system. Dermatopathology.
14. week: Hematopathology (Bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen).

Recommended textbook
Kumar, V. et al. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed: W. B. Saunders Company 2012.